Graduation Speech My College - 2270 Words

I can’t believe this is finally the time to be writing my college essays and figure out what colleges I want to go to. Ever since middle school, I have been anxiously waiting for the day I pick the college that fits me best. The time has finally come for all the seniors to shine, and share with our desired colleges what we have accomplished over these past four years of high school. Before being able to do such a thing, I must first decide which colleges would best fit me as well as comply with the criteria I am searching for. Personally, when I am researching for colleges I look into Cost, Location, Size, Campus, Majors and Settings. Based upon my research and criteria I figured that the best four schools that fit me the best would be†¦show more content†¦Scholarships and Internships would help me get into my dream schools without having to get my parents to pay -------- amount of money, that is why I would rather pick a college that would have some connections to sc holarships and would accept internships just to help the cost to reduce a little. Location is the second big factor in picking what college I would rather pick, It is a little too unrealistic to say that after my four years of high school I am at a stage in life that could live on my own in another state. Having the support of my family and being able to drive to them with the maximum of a couple hours of the drive would be something that I am planning on doing. I rather go somewhere that would not be as far so I would be able to see them whenever I want to. Furthermore, I would rather go to a school that it would have a diverse campus, a place not too small where people of all different backgrounds and cultures can come together. Diversity educates you in life; coming from a family where they are very open to new cultures and backgrounds I would prefer to go somewhere where I can meet new people and learn their cultures and their perspectives in life. Finding a school that you woul d be close to major shops, supermarkets so that you can walk or drive a short distance, more close to

William Shakespeare s The Tempest Essay - 1802 Words

Numerous interpretations of William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest depict its main protagonist, Prospero in a negative light. Many such renderings of Prospero’s character are identified in the introduction of The Tempest. The introduction makes reference to Dryden’s and Davenant’s rewriting of the play. Their rewriting portrays Prospero as a very controlling and deceptive individual whose character is stagnate. Accordingly, the foreword also mentions the possible employment of the narrative, by Prospero to further dominate all those around him. In essence, history has attributed many villain-like characteristics to Prosporo. However, the interpretation of the play performed at the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center at the University of Notre Dame directed by Wess Hyler, depicts Prospero’s character in a way that moves from the vision of Prospero shown historically. Wess Hyler’s production of The Tempest utilizes the stage elements of costuming , blocking, and the actors’ performance to reveal the transformative agency that has changed Prospero into a tyrannical, enslaved individual who loses control over his power. Hyler’s The Tempest then shows the impact that others can have on an individual through its portrayal of Ariel influence as the catalysis of Prospero’s ultimate change into a freed individual. Hyler’s Tempest employs the stage elements of the actors’ performance and their costumes to identify the events that have occurred in Prospero’s past that have turned himShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest1267 Words   |  6 Pagesaudience. During the Enlightenment Era, William Shakespeare’s writing were a form of social commentary on the English Government. Endorsed by the king, Shakespeare’s works told tales of tragedy and whimsy, incorporating both fiction and nonfiction elements. One trademark of Shakespeare s plays were the subtle allusions to the concurrent events in the English government. This is evident in his well known and final play, The Tempest. The story of The Tempest tells the tale of Prospero, a fallen dukeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Tragicomedy The Tempest1935 Words   |  8 Pagesstand alone, frequently including elements from other influences. William Shakespeare’s tragicomedy The Tempest (c:1611) is a p lay that uses intertextuality to enhance ideas about natural order. Banished to an island, Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, conjures up a tempest that brings him his usurping brother, Antonio in an attempt to restore his Dukedom. The play’s amalgamation of tragicomedy and the pastoral genre allows Shakespeare to warn his audience about unbalance, criticising the lavish lifestyleRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest1256 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespare’s The Tempest introduces a dynamic and colorful protagonist, Prospero. Throughout the play, he establishes himself as a multi dimensional character. Prospero’s interaction with other characters in the play is vital in uncovering the many different sides of his personality. Prospero displays a different part of his personality when he interacts with Caliban, Ariel, and Ferdinand, all of whom are ploys in his master plan to regain his crown. Prospero assimilates his personality toRead MoreWilliam S hakespeare s The Tempest1229 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeare most definitely did not reference Jeffrey Jerome Cohen’s Seven Monster Theses when writing his play, The Tempest. One of Cohen’s theses though - thesis four â€Å"The Monster Dwells at the Gates of Difference† - appears quite prominently in Shakespeare’s work. The thesis articulates that monsters are divisive and often arise in a culture to make one group seem superior to another. Further, societies devise monsters in order to create a scapegoat for social and political inequitiesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesStephen Greenblatt, believes that antagonists such as Caliban from The Tempest represent more than a source of evil. Some theorists argue that Caliban should been seen as a â€Å"colonial other.† I agree, and in this paper I demonstrate and give prime examples as to why Caliban is misunderstood and depicted as a monster when in fact he should be viewed as a native of the island. According to Greenblatt’s argument, in The Tempest, Caliban should be viewed as a colonial other rather than a universal evilRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest886 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Tempest, by William Shakespeare, there is a main issue of whether Prospero or Caliban have the better claim to control the island. In act 1, scene 2, we learn that Prospero, Miranda (his daughter), and Caliban are all located on an island. Caliban states, â€Å"This island’s mine by Sycorax my mother, (1.2.331), which means that he has inherited this island from his mother. However, critic Stephen Orgel has argued that â€Å"Power, as Prospero presents it in the play, is not inherited but self-createdRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest947 Words   |  4 PagesIn Shakespeare’s The Tempest, Caliban is the primitive monster who belongs to the bottom of the power hierarchy on the island claimed by Prospero. Caliban, the original inhabitant of the island, unwillingly becomes Prospero’s slave as he uses magic to take control of the island. Prospero sees Caliban as the savage and monster who does not acknowledge the order of civilization despite his efforts to educate him. Caliban appears as an inferior and beast-like figure from nature in the eyes of the civilizedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The rarer action is in virtue than in vengeance† (5.1.35-36). This quote from scene five of the Tempest gives the reader a glimpse of Shakespeare’s message regarding humanity. To be human means more than to have two feet, breathe in your lungs, and the ability to communicate. To be human is a choice. Being human means showing compassion and love for those around you. In the play the Tempest, Prospero struggles with his humanity. He possesses inhuman abilities that cause him to lose sight of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The T empest1499 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s play â€Å"The Tempest† outlines many complex characters. One of which was Prospero, former Duke of Milan and powerful sorcerer. Prospero initially portrays a self-involved personality and God-complex but then throughout the course of the play this personality trait transpires into a more pragmatic approach to his life. All of these traits of this character makes it difficult to analyze the true character of Prospero. In the first Act of the play, we see Prospero using sorcery to drum upRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tempest brings out the discussion of rule, in this play the theme of rule is prominent, especially in the beginning of the play where the conversation between Prospero and Miranda (his daughter) lead the actions of Prospero, this paper will be analysing the hierarchy of the characters, the definition of justice for Prospero and who’s the king of Milan. Prospero has magical powers which is seen later in the play, the play starts off by the telling the story of the current king and his crew on

Kot1 Task2 Free Essays

KOT1 TASK 2 SCENARIO ONE Medicare part A is the hospital insurance and it will pay your mother’s hospital bill one hundred percent because she has met the three day minimum hospital stay criteria. That cost will include room and board and services such as lab work, any therapy she may have received during her stay as well as pharmacy. Since your mother also has Medicare part B which is the medical insurance, part B will pay eighty percent of the physician’s services as long as her annual deductable has been paid. We will write a custom essay sample on Kot1 Task2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unless your mom has supplemental insurance coverage also known as Medigap insurance, she will be financially responsible for the twenty percent that part B Medicare does not cover. A Medicare supplement referred to as (Medigap) insurance, sold by private insurance companies, can help pay some of the costs that Medicare doesn’t cover. Medicare. gov[11/04/12]www. medicare. gov/supplement-other-insurance/medigap/whatsmedigap. htm. A couple of examples of Medigap insurance companies are AARP, Humana, and Agis. You will have to pay the private insurance company a monthly premium for your Medigap policy just as you would any insurance policy. Keep in mind that premium will be in addition to the monthly Part B premium that you pay to Medicare. In order to qualify you must have Medicare part A and B. That maybe something you and your mother may want to look into. Regarding her moving to the skilled nursing facility, the cost will be covered by Medicare one hundred percent the first twenty days. After a hospital stay of at least three days, your mother’s stay in a Medicare-certified Skilled Nursing Center can be covered at 100% for the first 20 days. For the next 80 days, if your mother had to stay that long Medicare Part A covers everything except the daily coinsurance. I’m sorry no one informed either of you that your mother got an infection while at the nursing facility. That information should have been disclosed to the both of you. Unfortunately because your mother acquired and infection while at the skilled nursing facility, she had to receive additional care including antibiotics. Medicare will not pay the additional expense and your mother fortunately will not be billed either. This is considered a preventable event. The facility will have to pay the costs of treatment for infection. In 2009 the rules have changed. So for instance, if you are on Medicare and you get a hospital acquired infection while you are being treated for something that is covered by Medicare, the extra cost of treating the hospital acquired infection will no longer be paid for by Medicare. Paddock, C (2007, Aug 20) Medicare will not pay for hospital mistakes and infections, new rule, Medical News Today, p1. This is unfortunate for the general public because where Medicare will not pay for these costs the costs is shifted. Unpaid costs must be covered by those who do pay so the hospital can continue operating, a process known as cost shifting. Providers increase their charges against households and public and private insurers who pay for their own care plus make some contribution for the care of the uninsured population. This increases insurance premiums, making it even more difficult for many households and businesses to afford healthcare coverage. In January 2006, Medicare added access to a prescription medication benefit which is Medicare part D in which your mother is enrolled. Your mothers out of pocket prescription drug costs are calculated on a progressive basis (like federal income tax). She will pay the first $325 which is the Medicare Part D Plan deductible. After the deductible is met, she will pay 25% co-insurance towards all the prescription drug costs up to a total of $2970. For example, let us assume that her total yearly prescription drug expenses are $3000. Therefore, she will pay 25% of the difference between the deductible ($325) and $2970 which is: (2970 – 325)*0. 25 = $661. 25. When the costs total more than $2970, she will be responsible for 100% of the difference between $2970 and $3000 or an additional cost of $30. In this example the total estimated annual cost out of pocket for prescription drug plan with a Medicare Part D should be around: $325 + $661. 5 + $30 = $1016. 25 in addition to the monthly premiums your mother will have to pay for the part D plan. In summary Medicare part A will pay your mothers hospital stay one hundred percent as long as the deductable is met. She will also pay twenty percent of the medical bill as long as her deductable is met. Medicare will pay for rehabilitation services one hundred percent excluding the charges for the care of the urinary tract infection. After the deductible is met, she will pay 25% co-insurance towards all the prescription drug costs up to a total of $2970. How to cite Kot1 Task2, Essay examples

Rise of Renewable Energy Protectionism †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Rise of Renewable Energy Protectionism. Answer: Introduction The current president of the US of North America has been cancelling bilateral and multilateral trade agreements in favor of a protectionist trade policy. This paper seeks to explain the consequences of this policy both in the mid- and long-run. This is achieved by analyzing both multilateral trade agreements and bilateral trade agreements. Protectionism details the policy of protecting domestic industries from foreign competition via the imposition of tariffs, quotas as well as regulations on imports. Protectionism policy limits trade between the states, and bars foreign take-overs of local markets management and firms. Protectionist policy, in economics, protectionism is such a policy that restricts trade between states (countries) via such mechanisms as imposing tariffs on imports, restrictive quotas as well as a range of additional regulations by the government. Trade protectionism defines the considered attempt to restrict imports/promote exports via the placement of obstacles to trade. Albeit the proponents of free-trade argument, and growing openness of trade, this policy remains extensively used as seen by Trump administration that is cancelling both bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. President Donald Trumps protectionist policy would hit a range of regions both in the long- and short-run where it leads to a severe trade conflict. On a balance, trade protectionist policy is never good for the world economy, indeed not even for the United States, however, fiscal stimulus would dominate the United States economic growth and further might positively affect the global economy. Protectionist policy will as well lead to trade wars between the largest economy (the US) and the second largest economy (China) or some serious trade conflicts thereby affecting Asia, Europe, the southern hemisphere, everywhere. The theory posits that free-trade makes all things inexpensive as well as enhances quality of goods, straight benefit each country. It builds from the idea that various economies have varying strengths for production. Such might be an inexpensive labor force, geography, technological expertise, and a seldom/erratic resources (Gereffi 62). The arguments hold that where every economy emphasized and subsequently specialized on whatever it can produce best/cheapest, it might produce healthier quality/cheaper goods. Such goods might then be traded between economies thereby making each consumer excited. It is identical principle to each one specializing in one career then trading items we need, instead of attempting to generate all products independently (Switzer and Daniel 56). Free-trade already lifted the entire economies from poverty. Free trade can as well bring a range of income overseas and would propel business toward ceaseless investment, solid effort as well as invention thereby expanding their share of international market. It further relevant to the firms which dont undertake exportation, but currently have to keep corresponding product prices low and high quality to edge out incoming competitors. Free-trade further reinforces the links amongst economies, enhances co-operation on economic basis and the argument stretches, making wars increasingly less probably-anyway, it is never an astute to attack the suppliers as well as consumers. This remained the fundamental rationale for European Economic Community establishment, the EUs forerunner, shortly following WWII. Among the alterations the US president is bringing to the US Trade Policy Management, the Trump has clearly stated that bilateral trade agreements are healthier than multinational/regional trade deals. For Americas trade partners, along with the developing economies, bilateralism emergence highlights 3 fundamental queries: 1st, how shall it alter dynamics for negotiation? 2nd, shall it permit for operative governance of international trade? 3rd, what is it saying regarding the general international trade system direction? On every count, various worrying reasons are noted. Trump anchored his campaign on protectionism, and in one of Trumps acts as president abandoned the TPP. After assuming power, Trump stressed that he has no opposition to all trade deals, and indeed advocates for novel deals, provided they are re-negotiated bilaterally. Trump has promised many trade deals based on a one-on-one basis and not as one large mash (Bolle 54). The adoption of bilateral negotiations by Trump is informed by his comprehension of the international economy as the zero-sum skirmish. Thus, the core query in probing any given trade agreements is never about if it creates general economic benefits, rather how their gains are disseminated amongst the economies-that is receiving the largest pies slice. President Trump is worried that previously trade-negotiations, and specifically talks engaging many diverse economies, the United States negotiators have permitted other economies to gain at the expense of America (Parikh et al 65). Trump believes that one-one negotiations will see the United States have wider leverage thereby capable of capturing a large share of the benefits from deals. However, it remains indistinct to date with which economies the US intends to sign novel trade agreements. Whereas Trumps government initial efforts seem to be directed at United Kingdom alongside Japan, additional list of the US prospective targets range from Taiwan to Russia to Vietnam, whereas Economic Times of India quoted unidentified sources arguing the United States could provide a bilateral agreements to India. Albeit the global poorest economies are improbable to be forerunners, several emerging economies and developing economies could encounter the feasibility of initiating bilateral trade debates with the United States government (Irwin 53). Trumps interest in pursuit of novel trade deals on one side might indicate that he shall never confine to his protectionist instincts but on the side Trumps government adoption of bilateralism assumes three risks for trade partner of the US both in the long- and short-run. 1st, a shift from the multilateral and regional fora to chastely bilateral agreements shall shift the dynamics for negotiations of the would-be trade partners. Donald surely trusts the United States can effectively utilize its authority to shape deals in its individual interests via bilateral arrangements. Whereas Trump plays down the United States enjoyed power in regional debates-for example, in real-world. The American influence has been manifested in the final TPP text overpoweringly and probably overrates how best a deal Trump will obtain in one-one talks, developing economies need to be increasingly watchful regarding such a step. Multipart talks permit for coalitional haggling which can sometimes create imbalances in power. Furthermore, in the face of additional participants engaged in the negotiations there will be higher array of feasible results thereby creating openings for creative win-win situations; bilateral talks limit set of potential agreements. Secondly, agreements on bilateral trade web shall do far less in the promotion of well-organized global integration instead of comparable multilateral/regional treaties. In contemporary world, bilateral relations dont capture the manner in which international trade works in real life. Companies and factories dont merely undertake the production locally and subsequently export the finished products to goods to an overseas economy; instead, firms partake in worldwide value-chains, whereby production stages remain divided crossways manifold economies (Irwin 68). Because PTA encompass rules-of-origin needs that restrain concessions on tariff to products significantly generated within a treaty members-to evade the transshipment problem- bilateral agreements are usually of slight assistance to worldwide value-chains, as import of factors of production is done from members outside the treaty. Furthermore, trade deals remain significant never solely for tariffs reductions but further for assisting in the standards harmonization as well as regulations thereby easing the global commerce; standard establishment negotiation bilaterally, instead of regional or multilateral, degree remains ineffective/inefficient (Fidler 64). Companies shall find it expensively as well as puzzling to maintain track of several overlying trade regulations sets talked within diverse deals that possible of being at loggerheads with one another. A sequence of bilateral trade deals shall significantly portion global trade-governance thereby parting a hotchpotch of unfinished as well as disjointed rules of ill-designed for twenty-first century (Chandra 87). Thirdly, and maybe most hazardously for developing economies, Trumps strategy management to bilateralism might tilt the global trade-system in the troublesome directions. Prospective trade partners have to determine whether bilateral negotiations with the United States will eventually undermine the broader open trade systems. Policymakers and academics have long deliberated whether PTA were the eye-opener/barriers to development on liberalization of multilateral trade. Here, its appears crystal clear that the US president doesnt perceive bilateral trade contracts as the mechanism to back up the general sustenance for the open sturdy economic-order, rather than as an effort for carving up the plunders of a worldwide economy. Deserting multilateral and regional deals for the bilateral worldview might lead to the institutionalization of mercantilist strategy by Trump to the worldwide trade-system whereby economies are impenetrable in the zero-sum rivalry to win the huge shares of market instead of collaborating to enhance efficiency of economy. In the long-run, the rules, norms, as well as laws which govern trade relations shall erode (risk), alongside the WTO legitimacy and effectiveness. For all credible apprehensions as well as complaints developing economies might have regarding WTO, they will not probably to perform better under a slightly legalized, increasingly power-oriented trading systems of mercantilist. In case Donald insist that the US government shall solely partake in bilateral trade talks, how might prospective treaty partners retort? Administration shall essentially weigh the gains of preferential admittance to the United States market against the prospective risks explicated overhead. Provided that United States is now a comparatively open-economy, the earlier might be retiring, whereas the latter might be unadorned. Economies that seek the promotion of economic liberalization might hence have to re-think regarding the initiation of bilateral agreements under the terms of Trump. In the course of increasing trade protectionism, the key precedence for economies dependent on worldwide economy must be conservation of global trade regime basic open structure. Such a goal will more probably be accomplished multilaterally or regionally (Grevi 69). Motives for Protectionism The protectionism is preferred to protect the sunrise-industries. The trade barriers can be utilized to defend sunrise-industries, also called the infant-industries like industries engaging novel technology. Such a safeguard will give US novel firms the opportunities for developing, growing and becoming competitive internationally in the long-run. The local industries protection might enable Trump to create a comparative edge in the long run. For instance, the US local companies might grow when sheltered from competitions hence gaining from the scale economies. As US companies expand, they might undertake investment in the human- and real-capital thereby developing novel skills/capabilities in the long-run. Once such skills and capabilities are developed in the United States, there will be less need for protectionist policy in the long run, and obstacles might be ultimately eliminated (Liu and Emanuel 43). Trump also favors protectionism to as a means to safeguard the sunset-industries. One the end of scale, are the sunset-industries that Trump seeks to protect. These sunset industries are further called declining industries. They require some support by the US administration to allow them decline slowly in the long-run, and evade some adverse effects of such declines. For the United Kingdom for example, each generation throws-up its individual deteriorating industries like building of ships in year 1950s, production of car in 1970s as well as the steel production in the 1990s. Protectionism is preferred to protect the strategic industries. Trump seeks such barriers to be erected for the protection of strategic industries like energy, steel, water, food and armaments in both long- and long run. The implied objective of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), for example, is to establish food-security for Europe via the protection of its agricultural industry. The protectionist policy is also favored to as a safeguard to non-renewable capitals. These capitals like oil remain considered distinct instance whereby the standard free trade rules stay usually neglected. For economies that aim at oil exports dependence long-lasting into long-run like oil-rich economies restraining production in short-run via the quotas on production is one means used for resource conservation. Trump also seeks protectionist policy to discourage unfair rivalry. Obstacles will be established to bar prejudicial rivalry like overseas companies dumping at the less than cost prices. Also, protectionist policy is also favored to save jobs. The protection of industries could, in the short term safeguard jobs, albeit in long-term it is improbable that such jobs will be protected forever. The protectionist policy will also help the environment. Certain economies might self-protect from trade to assist restrain injury to environment like that emerging from Carbon (IV) Oxide triggered by the surged production alongside transportation (Lewis 65). Protectionist policy is also favored to limit over-specialization. Several economists have pointed towards the risks of over-specialization that could take place due to taking comparative advantage theory to its periphery. Retention of certain self-sufficiently is viewed as a workable economic approach provided the global slumps risks alongside over-dependence on global trade. Will Protectionism Help the US Economy? The US economy (major economy) in the world is swiftly stirring towards a protectionist position in its worldwide trade. The United States President, Donald, has enunciated of exiting TPP trade agreement signed by President Obama; abandoning/renegotiating the NAFTA trade agreement with Canada and Mexico; a thirty-five percent tax imposition on each car imported to the United States, and further intimidating China with a forty-five percentage point tax on its export to United States. Such might have significant ramification for the United States and additional global economies (Ojo 60). A protectionist policy offers a partial merit to a native firm or industry against the global competition. Through mercantilism, the protectionism practice enjoys a lasting history in economics. This is point at which economies amplified their corresponding power by regulation that preferred their individual countries. It was dominating till the eighteenth century. However, with trade as a driver or engine of the growth of economy in nineteenth and twentieth centuries, free-trade for everyone was acknowledged as the foundation and objective/goal. The United States was a forerunner thereby creating agencies/bodies for the promotion as well as regulation of intercontinental trade including the GATT alongside its successor, WTO (Smith 58). But kinds of protectionism are resilient in many states presently. EU subsides its individual agriculturalists as well as bans cheap agricultural goods importation from outdoor EU. The currency of China is insincerely low thus its exports remain cheaper; the lasting source of the China-the US friction. Japan assisted its local industries to develop via cheaper loans and imposition of weighty imports tariffs, prohibiting global investors from purchasing national firms and even initiating native campaigns to entice its populace to purchase Japanese goods in place of imported products. However, Japan became a bit fair by lifting most of its protectionist procedures, yet it solely lifted them when its goods had become extremely competitive already. Protectionism can be a good idea. Some significant benefits to protectionism have been acknowledged. As early as the 1817, David Ricardo, founder of free trade theory, acknowledged that the outcome of free trade could well be to strengthen the states with the production advantage thereby leading to job losses for other people. In contexts whereby capital is mobile, and in absence of any barriers to the flow of citizens and investment, all production might well move to a single portion of the world-sound common? Protection is further a good idea where the country is dealing with infant industries. It provides precious time to a firm to invest in the production facilities, personnel skills as well as gain the trust of the local consumers before the national market eventually opens to the international competitors in the long run (Ojo 39). The Japanese, Chinese and South Korean industrialization success is partially as a result of the fact that such economies shielded their infant industries, permitting them time to expand/grow and strengthen prior to having to compete with the Wests industries. Such an argument can as well as be extended to significant industries that are experiencing temporary challenges. The Obama governments decision to bail out the United States car industry during the wake of year 2008 GFC followed this similar logic. Another firm argument in favor of protectionist policy follows the logic of Game Theory. In case a countrys competitors are going to provide protection to their respective local industries anyway, then the economy has to provide protections to its local industries as well. For instance, in case the United States government is indirectly subsidizing the American Airplane Manufacturing Boeing, subsequently the European Union economies have a firm case of retaliating and considering subsidizing the European Company Airbus. In case EU members fail to subsidize, then Boeing shall ultimately gain a much greater market share and in turn, could propel Airbus out of the business in the long run. The Trumps gambler could eventually pay the US off. There is absolutely a case for protectionist in the US, but the proposed polices by Trump are a gamble. The apparent risk is that in case Trumps policies are fully enacted, they will significantly enhance the US prices in the long run. For instance, the car manufacturer Ford has claimed that if it moved each phase of its production to the United States, subsequently some of its cars might be significantly be more expensive (Osabouhien et al. 76). Tariffs on the imports might imply that each good imported from Latin America, Asia and Europe might be increasingly expensive. In the face of rising inflation, the US Central Bank, the Federal Reserve, could have to increase rates of interests more aggressively to restrain the damage. Exorbitant rates of interests shall subsequently reduce the purchasing power of American consumer as well as decrease inward investment. Additionally, it is likely that the United States trading partners will engage in retaliation in kind, to the detriment of the United States exports as well as the firms which manufacture such goods, additionally hurting the demand for the products of the US. The core success lies in the expectation and confidence of the consumers and business. Where consumers believe that Trumps polices remain geared toward the growth of economy, subsequently, as a self-fulfilling prophesy, they shall bring such growth with spending and investment. A feasible early indication of such sentiment might be the emergence of Dow Jones stock index after the election of Trump and the unprecedented increase in the economic optimism. Where American firms believe that the novel policies shall boots the consumption of the US products, instead of imports, then they firms have incentives to invest in their corresponding production and hire domestically. Additionally, where Trumps threat to impose large tariff is believed, various foreign companies that presently produce outdoor the US shall have an incentive of relocating within the US boarders (Bergsten et al. 76l). Levels of employment, spending, confidence and salaries by consumers and businesses shall rise additionally, provoking even increased inward investment. Conclusion The most probable way that protectionist policy of Trump might benefit the United States economy, albeit, is merely by posing a credible threat to the United States trading partners. Once such outrage against Trump protectionist threat subsidizes, many economies shall be excited to lift their individual kinds of protectionism against the American goods and sign trade agreements more favorable for the exports of the United States. American administration have long attempted to entice China to permit its currency to appreciate; presently Trump has an intention of arm-twisting China. Works Cited Bergsten, Fred et al. "G-7 Economic Cooperation in the Trump Era." (2017). Bolle, Jane. "Overview of labor enforcement issues in free trade agreements." (2016). Chandra, Alexander. "Regional Economic Community Building amidst Rising Protectionism and Economic Nationalism in ASEAN." Journal of ASEAN Studies 4.1 (2016): 1-19. Fidler, David. "President Trump, Trade Policy, and American Grand Strategy: From Common Advantage to Collective Carnage." (2017). Gereffi, Gary. "Trumps protectionism and its impact on global value chains." (2017). Grevi, Giovanni. "Lost in transition? US foreign policy from Obama to Trump. EPC Discussion Paper, 2 December 2016." (2016). Irwin, Douglas. "The False Promise of Protectionism: Why Trump's Trade Policy Could Backfire." Foreign Aff. 96 (2017): 45. Irwin, Douglas. Free trade under fire. Princeton University Press, 2015. Lewis, Joanna. "The rise of renewable energy protectionism: Emerging trade conflicts and implications for low carbon development." Global Environmental Politics (2014). Liu, Xuepeng, and Emanuel Ornelas. "Free Trade Agreements and the Consolidation of Democrac." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 6.2 (2014): 29-70. Ojo, Marianne. "Free Trade and Trade Protectionism: US-China Relations and Post Brexit Impact on UK-China Relations." (2016). Ojo, Marianne. "The Re Negotiable, Non Negotiable and the Hopefuls: Free Trade Agreements and Border Adjustment Tax Reforms." (2017). Osabouhien, Uchenna et al. "Free trade, protectionism and the balance of trade: New empirical insights." Beggar-Thy-Poor-Neighbour: Crisis-Era Protectionism and Developing Countries (2014): 13-24. Parikh, Kirit et al. Towards free trade in agriculture. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Smith, Tony. "An open world takes a hit with Trump's close-door policies." (2017). Switzer, Tom, and Daniel Hannan. "Life after brexit: Global Britain, free trade and the new protectionism." Policy: A Journal of Public Policy and Ideas 33.1 (2017): 26.

6 Disappeared LinkedIn® Partner Applications and What to Do About Them †Part V WordPress (and RSS Feeds)

6 Disappeared LinkedIn ® Partner Applications and What to Do About Them – Part V WordPress (and RSS Feeds) The WordPress and BlogLink applications on LinkedIn used to be a reliable way to send weekly blog posts to your LinkedIn profile. All a blogger had to do was download the application and associate the blog’s RSS feed (essentially the link to your blog posts) to LinkedIn. No longer is this convenient feature available. Up until a week ago, I would have suggested a fix that entails requesting your RSS feed to be sent out automatically to your favorite LinkedIn groups, or perhaps starting a LinkedIn group so that you can send your feed to that group. Not anymore. LinkedIn has announced that as of March 15, 2013, users may no longer syndicate RSS feeds to groups through LinkedIn. The pros and cons of this move by LinkedIn have been debated. On the positive side, the elimination of RSS feeds to groups means less potential for spamming. A real person has to go in and post an article, potentially stemming the increasingly overwhelming flow of posts to LinkedIn groups. On the other hand, much of this automated content provides valuable information to group members and spurs conversation and debate. Will the richness of group conversations be diminished without the convenience of automated posting? Time will tell †¦ In the meantime, the question remains: How can you send your value-rich content to your LinkedIn groups? One place to look is the LinkedIn Help topic, Anyone have a workaround for the elimination of RSS feeds in groups? Here are some ideas: 1. Post discussions manually to your LinkedIn groups. Manual posting of articles is a technique I have been utilizing all along, and I believe it provides value to my groups and provides me with visibility. I don’t just post the link to a useful article – I post the entire article so that people don’t have to work too hard to read the content. If you post an article to a group, it helps to ask a question to spur discussion, rather than simply post the article. By simply sticking an article on the discussion page, you risk appearing â€Å"spammy† and are less likely to generate worthwhile conversations about your topic. 2. Use HootSuite to post blog entries to your Activity Updates. The HootSuite option requires establishing a HootSuite account if you don’t have one already. After logging in to HootSuite, hover over the launch bar on the left side of your account. Click on Settings RSS/Atom: Click the + sign to add a new feed. You might need to upgrade to a paid account ($5.99/month) to use this feature. Paste your feed URL in the field provided. Then select the social sites you would like the feed to post to. Edit any other preferred options and Save Feed. 3. Post manually to Activity Updates. A simple, free way to share blog articles is to post the link individually to your Activity Updates. If you blog once/week this solution might be the best one for you. You can add links from either your LinkedIn home page or the Activity bar on your profile. You then have the option of sharing the update on LinkedIn and Twitter. Home page image: Profile Activity bar image: Any blog article links you add will appear on your profile in your Activity section (the top section of the profile). Your updates will also appear in LinkedIn Signal, which is a running account of all LinkedIn updates that can be found under the News menu. Here’s a sample: 4. Post your blog under your Publications section. Add the Publications section to your profile if you dont have it already. Then post a live URL that links directly to your blog for anyone who wants to take a look! Do you have more ideas of how to replace the WordPress application or the group RSS feeds? Please share below! If you want more tips on the effective use of LinkedIn, you might like How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, the #1 best-selling e-book by Brenda Bernstein! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinFebruary 25, 2013

Jetblue Essays

Jetblue Essays Jetblue Essay Jetblue Essay JetBlue Beginnings and Operational Methods Steve Brindza Ohio Dominican University This section details the history of JetBlue, focusing on the activities of founder, David Neeleman. JetBlue Airways, based in Forest Hills, New York, was founded in February, 1999, by David Neeleman, the son of Mormon missionaries. He was born in Sao Paolo, Brazil, but raised in a tightly-knit Mormon family (GaJilan, 2003). After serving as a Brazilian missionary during college, Neeleman returned to his familys base in Salt Lake City and began an enterprising condominium rental business. As a tenacious seller, Neelemans approach caught the eye of June Morris, a major Utah corporate travel agency owner. With her assitance and funding, the two founded Morris Air in 1984. This charter air service modeled itself after Herb Kellehers Southwest Airlines (GaJilan, 2003), looking to keep flight costs low and speeding up airplane readiness. Perhaps Neelemans most prolific step at this time was utlllzlng stay-at-nome u n matrlarcns to work as nls reservations. customers rarely discerned that the order-taker was situated in her living room, with PC software provided by Morris Air (Friedman, 2007). In 1992, Morris Airs cost containment processes and procedures caught the eye of Herb Kelleher at Southwest. A deal was struck, and Southwest purchased Morris Air for $129 million. At the time, June Morris was beginning treatment for breast cancer, so David Neeleman knew he would be taking on more responsibility with whatever new venture he undertook (GaJilan, 2003). After the buyout, he stayed on at Southwest for six months; upon leaving, he signed an industry noncompete agreement spanning five years (JetBlue, n. d). Neeleman next created Open Skies, an e-ticketing and booking agency, that he founded with his friend, David Evans. This venture kept Neeleman in the airline business, but not as a air carrier, and he did not violate his non-compete agreement (JetBlue, n. d). Evans and Neeleman promoted their software to smaller airlines with enough success to gain Hewlett-Packards attention. Months after the non-compete timeframe expired, Evans and Neeleman sold Open Skies to the computer giant, and Neeleman began raising capital for his own airline (GaJilan, 2003). Neeleman next utilized his knowledge of the airline industry, and his time at Southwest airlines (GaJilan, 2003), and with the aid of his attorney friend, Tom Kelly in 998, he raised $160 million in capital from investors such as Weston Presidio Capital and J. P. Morgan Partners. JetBlue was formally founded in February, 1999 (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). By years end, working with financier, George Soros, Neeleman had acquired a small fleet of Airbus320 Jets (JetBlue, n. d), and JetBlue achieved 75 spots at John F. Kennedy International Airport, which now served as the company hub (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). Growth continued at a brisk pace, even after the 9/1 1 attacks, and the JetBlue initial public offering occurred in 2002. By 2003, the company was growing at a rate of six new employees per day (GaJilan, 2003). JetBlue added nine new destinations in 2004, including Boston, which lacked a low-cost carrier (JetBlue, n. d). This service helped JetBlue regain some of the luster lost in 2003 when it provided the U. S. Department of Justice with information on 1. 1 million passengers (JetBlue, n. d). Cost containment at JetBlue This section features some of the measures Neeleman implemented to helf JetBlue attain low-cost carrier (LCC) status. Like with Morris Air, JetBlue focused on cost savings wherever it could. Sometimes initial outlays were for higher-quality components that would return their cost in the long run. In depth research (and Neeleman cleaning too many urine-soaked seats (GaJilan, 2003)) determined that installing liquid-repelling leather seats would cost twice as much as fabric, but also last twice as long (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). Neeleman opted to go with the luxury passenger seating. Similarly, Neeleman investigated meal service and found that customers would be satisfied with light snacks and sodas in lieu of lunch and dinner entrees. JetBlue saved roughly $3 per assenger by cutting out meal service (Barney and Hesterly, 2010), but selected premier-label snacks, such as Terra Blue potato chips (GaJilan, 2003). I ne notaDle cost-saver was utlllzlng Tllgnt crews to clean alrllne caDlns arter eacn flight, which was inspired by the similar team player culture found at Southwest. Special cleaning crews were not needed, and JetBlue was able to speed airplane turnaround time to 35 minutes. This number was substantially below the industry average of one hour, and the quicker turnaround was implemented largely to sell more flights daily (GaJilan, 2003). Neeleman utilized his knowledge of electronic ticketing and Internet-based reservations to further reduce staff engaging in customer transactions. A major operational cost saving involved entering the major air industry with a new fleet of Airbus aircraft. Although European made, Airbus was chosen due to their fuel efficiency, easier maintenance, and five-year warranty (GaJilan, 2003). Neeleman realized that quick turnaround time was a crucial factor in maximizing profits by simply keeping the new planes in the air longer than the competition. Because JetBlue worked largely out of secondary airports (Midway vs. OHare), its lights avoided more congestion than larger airlines; these airports also struck better terminal lease deals than larger airports, and JetBlue benefitted from those savings. In 2001-2002, JetBlue had an 80-percent on-time record, compared to the 72-percent industry standard (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). The firm drew on the success of Morris Airs work-from-home ethic. Call center operators, were often able to be stationed at home and provided support services via voice-over-internet technology (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). JetBlue culture JetBlue company culture is noticeably more relaxed than at other multi-billion ollar firms. Former CEO Neeleman used to stand out because he traded in suits for khakis (Gajilan, 2003). Corporate annual reports list full names of C-level staff, but include their informal, preferred version, too. Davids are known as Daves, and Martins are listed as Martys. Some noticeable differences include the mimicking of Southwests contribution of employees to clean up the planes after flights. The company works to hard to keep all team players enthusiastic because customer feedback noted energy and good attitudes of JetBlues employees (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). Former CEO Neeleman used to stand out in the business world because he traded in suits for khakis and greeted customers as they exited (GaJilan, 2003). Such staff were rewarded with bonuses, and most staff could take advantage of profit sharing plans (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). JetBlue distributed gift vouchers if there was an hour-plus long delay, even when the delay occurred due to uncontrollable factors (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). By 2003, the employee culture had gotten so much good press that analysts noted that it was harder to land a Job at JetBlue than to get into an Ivy League college. That year, over 135,000 applicants competed for 2,000 Jobs (GaJilan, 2003). Targeted markets JetBlues leaders knew that as a late-90s start-up and a LCC (low-cost carrier) they would not be able to compete with full-service carriers, especially in the ability to fly tne entlre contlnental u s. Instead, It aoanaonea tne traaltlonal nun model ana new only point-to-point flights (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). This service initially focused on the 19 million potential customers in a 60-mile radius of New York City, and Neeleman utilized the frustrations of New York state legislators who had noted poor, xisting service from New York City to Albany and other update locales (GaJilan, 2003). These routes expanded to the more lucrative New York-to-Florida routes, even targeting passengers post 9/1 1 who did not want stopovers on longer flights (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). But JetBlues foray into the American south did not always go smoothly. In the wake of 9/1 1, other airlines had lost hundreds of millions and were operating under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. By 2004, when these firms regained much of their market share, they had found ways to utilize the government bailout money and overnmental protection. At this time, Continental and American Airlines became more aggressive in defending their markets, especially defending their hubs. JetBlue began increasing its service from Atlanta to Los Angeles in 2003, and Delta Airlines did not appreciate this encroaching on Deltas primary hub (Atlanta). In response, Delta challenged JetBlue by quickly adding additional flights and lower prices from Atlanta to the West Coast. Delta took the unusual step of leasing planes to handle the its new, higher capacity. This new business strategy put so much pressure on JetBlue that the airline was forced to cease its Atlanta-west coast service by 2003 years end (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). Notable staff Aside from the David Neelemans preeminance, JetBlues other main executive has been former president, David Barger. On May 10, 2007, Barger succeeded Neeleman as CEO; however, Neeleman remained chairman of the board until May, 2008. (JetBlue, n. d). Barger came to JetBlue after having served at Continental Airlines. His ascendence to CEO came Just months after the notorious incident in February, 2007, where passengers at the JFK hub were stranded on the tarmac for 11 hours (A Change in the cockpit, 2007). Barger had served as JetBlues chief operating officer, but was replaced by Russell Chew, a former COO with the Federal Aviation Administration (A Change in the cockpit, 2007). At present, Bargers brother, Mke Barger, is a top-level JetBlue staff member, holding the positon of SVP, Fleet Operations; Chew left the company in 2009. (JetBlue, n. d). Presently, Joel Peterson is serving as the companys chairman. Peterson, along with Vice Chairman, Frank Sica, both were named to the board in May, 2008 (JetBlue appoints, 2008). Current offerings and challenges JetBlue has worked hard to regain its do-no-wrong image after the February, 2007 stranded passenger fiasco. The company drafted and then published the Customer Bill of Rights, which specifies dollar amounts JetBlue will pay to flyers who incur departure/arrival delays or overbookings. This bill of rights provides the option ofa full refund or a recommendation of a forthcoming JetBlue flight (Barney and Hesterly, 2010). JetBlue also strives to keep its rate per-passenger-per-mile low, at one point acnlevlng 6 43 cents per mile, wnlcn was second only to soutnwesrs 6 33 cents per mile (Gajilan, 2003). In 2010, David Neeleman began a Brazilian airline start-up, Azul. Although he retains several million dollars in JetBlue stock, Neeleman wishes to return to the land of his birth and incorporate Brazilian-made planes into his fleet. Azul uses 18 midsize Embraer Jets, with 28 more forthcoming (Sellers, 2010). JetBlue received unwanted attention in 2010 when flight attendant, Steven Slater, either provoked or was agitated by an unruly passenger in August. Slaters departure from the airplane, accompanied by drinks in hand as he slid down the emergency exit chute, put focus on the stress that flight attendants endure, even at a company nown for its team-player culture. JetBlue has not formally announced that there would be changes in how customer care is handled or whether there is the possibility for new training for its in-flight staff (JetBlue, n. d). References Barney J. B. , Hesterly, W. S. (2010). Strategic management and competitive advantage: Concepts and cases, (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. A Change in the cockpit at JetBlue. (2007, May 11). Business Week Online. Source Business Source Complete. Friedman, T. L. (2007). The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. GaJilan, A. T. (2003, May). The Amazing JetBlue. FSB: Fortune Small Business, 14(4), 51. Retrieved from Business Source Complete. JetBlue. (n. d. ). In Hoovers online. Retrieved from http://subscriber. hoovers. com. ezproxy. ohiodominican. edu/H/company360/ overview. html? companyld=99674000000000 JetBlue Appoints Chairman as Part of Succession Plan. (2008, May 22). Wall Street Journal Eastern Edition, 251(120), 87. sellers, P. (2010, July 26). The Next JetBlue. Fortune, 162(2), 97-100. Retrieved from Business Source Complete.

Activties - Training and career Dev Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Activties - Training and career Dev - Essay Example The company tries to build strong communication with its customers, to get a better insight of their needs, and then formulates a technical team to work on it (Caterpillar). The business of the Caterpillar has a wide range, covering from mining equipments to electric power generators. Its core business is to provide mining solutions and to make the mining process easier and safer. Its manufacturing unit is a diverse one, which produces a number of equipments, mostly related to mining. These includes, drills, mining tractors, paving, backhoe and several other instruments, used in the mining and drilling process. Moreover, it manufactures gas and diesel high power generators, along with integrated systems panels, for petroleum and marine industries (Caterpillar). 2. Some of the core characteristics of the Caterpillar’s culture are, to work with zest and sincerity to deliver the best services to their customers. For this, a Worldwide Code of Conduct has been published, and the en tire staff follows that code. This helps in being connected with the suppliers, stakeholders and the customers, so to work as one big team (Caterpillar). Caterpillar also gives much importance to the personality and nature of the candidates, who wish to work for it. This is the reason that all the employees of it are passionate and loves their job. This helps in achieving optimum result from each employee, helping the company grow and progress.

Political Economy and the Role of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Economy and the Role of Women - Essay Example Women’s role in political economy is determined by how they participate in the making of public policies and their execution. The correlation with the public and the nation establish their ability to influence the economy. Resources distributions among women, as well as, the criteria for distribution of property and wealth are key factors that play into their functioning in the political economy. This literature review seeks to highlight the research available with regard to global political economy and the role of women in it. This includes their input in the employment sector, public agencies, and the sharing out of labour. The position of women with regards to the global economic disaster has also been drawn attention to. Women in the labor force Turshen (2010) in her book states the economic activities of women as being majorly self-employment with the rest engaging in farming and production. Additionally, they participate in politics both formally and informally. However, there is no proper documentation of this fact given that there is limited research relative to the character of women in the political management of countries globally. In the developing nations, particularly, the role of women in leadership and political positions is minimal considering the nature of stereotyping that has been associated with the selection/election of personalities to political positions.

Report on Religious Field Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Report on Religious Field Research - Essay Example Om Peace, Peace, Peace†. (Om asato†¦) Prayer over, the Preacher lost no time in beginning the day’s lecture: â€Å"The Perfect Masters of all religions mention about the same transcendental truth. What they wish to explain is beyond the realm and boundaries of words, thoughts, feelings and the capacity of body-mind-intellect. My submission is also an outline, and not the reality of spirituality. That has to be practically experienced by you. There is much more in this cosmos than what the senses can detect or the mind can comprehend. The totality can be comprehended with the help of the â€Å"Third Eye†, which Lord Jesus proclaims, â€Å"When thine Eye be Single†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"The problems arise when the Transcendental Reality is explained by the mind-level philosophers, intellectuals, preachers, mullahs and pundits. Arguments and counter-arguments follow. Misunderstandings generate and conflicts arise. This is the genesis of religious conflicts. If t he founders of all the religions are to sit together and engage in a discussion, actually there would be no discussion as there would be no differences of opinions amongst them. Though they use different languages and tender different examples, they are speaking about the same truth, the Ultimate Reality! For example, the source of energy for all the electrical appliances is electricity†. â€Å"The followers of different religions must stop quarrelling and grasp the underlying essence of the revelations by their Masters. World Peace becomes an attainable reality if they follow the revelations of the Masters in true letter and spirit. What difference does it make if you call electricity by some other name, it is the same entity and its power remains the same? Similarly hail the Consciousness that governs cosmos, the All-pervading Reality by any name, Jesus, Allah, Rama, Krishna, God or whatever you like. That Power is the same†. â€Å"God, who exists even before the cre ation and from whom the entire universe originates and gets manifested, in whom the entire universe exists and in whom the entire universe will be withdrawn, eventually; and that Light of your Consciousness, which is the Illuminator, the Witness, the Self within, which is aware of the presence or absence of thoughts in the mind, is one and the same! That Thou Art! You are not the body-mind-equipment, which you have assumed yourself to be, till now. Know the technique to stabilize your mind, transcend it and you will know that you and God are the same entity! The eternal search ends and no further running around are needed. All ambiguity stands vanished†. â€Å"The mind is an instrument in the hands of the Self just as the body is an instrument controlled by the mind. Matter is motion outside, the mind is motion inside. Theoretical arguments only lead to arguments and counter-arguments. It is impossible to realize the Truth through arguments. This is the reason that the name o f God, which out to bring peace and happiness to humankind, has been the cause of bloodshed in the world. The pages of human history are daubed in bloodshed due to bitter quarrels in the name of religion and race. Reach out for the direct

Dichotic Listening Experiment

Dichotic Listening Experiment George Papamanolioudakis Dichotic listening Abstract: In this experiment we collected data from seventeen (17) first year psychology students in order to identify the differences in speech recognition between the left and the right ear. Based on previous findings we expect that there will be a significant difference between them, as the left hemisphere of the brain which controls the right side of humans bodies, contains major areas controlling speech producing and recognition (Gallese Stamenov, 2002). A dichotic test was produced, using headphones, presenting the participants nonsense syllables such as â€Å"ka† and â€Å"ta† at the same time to both left and right ear. Our goal was to analyse scores from both ears and confirm if there would be a difference between them. The data we collected was ratio, within participants, and they were analyzed using a non-parametric test (Man-Whitney) due to the small sample given. The results have shown that we can confirm the above hypothesis, although later research with higher sam ple, would help as finalize the findings, and provide evidence with different methods. Introduction: In this study, we are going to examine whether people’s ability to report words accurately, is affected by which ear they hear them in. In order to investigate this, we are going to perform a dichotic listening task. Previous research (Kimura, 1961) on this subject, showed that the left hemisphere recognizes speech sounds better than the right. As the brain is connected with the body almost contra-lateral we assume that the right ear will be more capable of receiving words than the left. We can question this experiment, as it was performed to patients with epileptogenic foci, in different parts on the brain. Later on, based on an annual meeting of the academy of Aphasia in Chicago 1966, Doreen Kimura (1967) reviewed all evidence relating the asymmetry in speech recognition between the two hemispheres of the brain, confirming that the right ear of all humans was more able to recognize verbal stimuli due to better connections with the left hemisphere of the brain. Another experi ment (Molfese, Freeman, Palermo, 1975), which recorded auditory evoked responses from both cerebral hemispheres of humans in all ages, agreed that the left hemisphere responded more dynamically in speech stimuli, than the right which responded better in non-speech stimulus. The reason that makes the left hemisphere more accurate in verbal – speech stimuli, is that many areas related to speech are located there. Variety of evidence can prove that, such as many case studies of damaged brain cells on the left hemisphere of individuals that caused speech dysfunctions. More specific Broca’s area among other areas of the left hemisphere, has been repeatedly reported to be very important in the verbal domain (Gallese Stamenov, 2002). All these studies would not be so accurate if scientists were not able to analyze brain activity through specialized technology such as Magnetic encephalography (MEG), FMRI and PET scans. Using FMRI scientists Embick, Marantz, Miyashita and Oâ⠂¬â„¢Neil (2000) concluded that Broca’s area is specialized in the syntactic process of our brain, therefore there is a certain correlation given. Another area of the brain seems to play a crucial role on language understanding. Scientists found that when they increased the mean arterial pressure (pharmacologically) of a patient with a left frontal-temporal stroke, they managed to improve his language deficits as the Wernicke’s area (located on the left hemisphere) had improved perfusion (Hillis, et al., 2001) Other interesting findings have been discovered by examining patients with â€Å"split brain†. These patients had their corpus callosum removed (the part that unites the left with the right hemisphere), for other medical reasons, and gave scientists the opportunity to explore the differences between the â€Å"connected† brain and the â€Å"split brain†. Those findings showed that in the split brain condition the individual could not identify verbally an object presented on his left eye only, (left eye – right hemisphere) because there was no connection between the two hemispheres (Gazzaniga, 1967). Many researchers have used the dichotic listening test in order to examine whether the left or the right ear (right or the left hemisphere of the brain) would analyze better speech stimulus or other sounds (birds, music etc.). In this experiment we will introduce the same method in order to come up with a conclusion, as we expect that there will be a significant difference between the left and the right ear. Method: Participants: Seventeen first year undergraduate psychology students participated in this experiment. Ten (10) males and seven (7) females. Mean age =22.3, and the range was eighteen (18) to twenty-nine (29). All participants were right – handed. Design: The independent variable of this experiment was the left and the right ear, and the dependent was the correct identifications of the syllables provided both from the left and right ear. The experiment was within participants, as we measured correct answers from each participant individually. Materials: Each participant used a pair of headphones which provided stimuli for each ear. The stimuli was 15 combination of nonsense syllables, consisted of one of a series of consonants (b, d, g, k. p, t) paired with the vowel â€Å"a†. These sounds were recorded in 16 bit mono-aural mode and edited to 500 millisecond duration. Each person listened 30 presentations of the stimuli, carefully balanced for both ears, each one providing a different consonant – vowel pairing. For example the sounds â€Å"ka† and â€Å"ta† were presented at the same time on a different ear. The presentation of the sounds was reversed for a total of 30 trials. For example the sounds â€Å"ka† and â€Å"ta† were presented in both ears equally. Here is the link to the test (Dichotic Listening) Procedure: All participants arrived on CityU on time. They were welcomed by the instructors and placed on their seats. They were asked to read the information sheet and after all questions were answered they signed the consent form. Each participant used his/her own computer with her/his own headphones. They were asked to visit the link to the test, and when everyone was ready they completed the dichotic listening test individually. The test that was used was from APA webpage: ( http://opl.apa.org/Experiments/AlphabetList.aspx) on the â€Å"experiments† section located under word â€Å"d† (for dichotic listening). After clicking in the test they were asked to put the class ID number in order to collect the data from each of them. After they finished, they were thanked for their participation in the study and left. Results: This experiment took place in order to confirm that the right ear would recognise better syllables due to the immediate connection to the left hemisphere, than the left ear. The data we collected was ratio, within participants, and a non-parametric test was carried out (Man-Whitney) because of the small number of participants. The data shows that there was a significant difference understanding syllables from left and right ear. More specifically the right ear scored much higher (m=11,76 sd= 3,63) than the left (m=6,71 sd=3,08). The hypothesis was two tailed, and based on Man –Whitney’s non parametric test z=3,64 p Discussion: Based on previous research, we were able to perform a dichotic listening test in order to confirm that there would be a difference understanding syllables from right to left ear. As Doreen Kimura suggested (1961) the right ear was more capable recognising verbal stimulus as it is connected directly to the left hemisphere of the brain. Assumption which was made after many dichotic listening tests (Kimura, 1961), brain dysfunctions especially in the Broca’s and the Wernicke’s area (Gallese Stamenov, 2002), and specialized brain scanning through MEG, FMRI and PET technology (Embick, Marantz, Miyashita O’Neil, 2000). The absence of corpus callosum in many case studies confirmed that after separating the two hemispheres of the brain (split brain), the patients were not able to recognize verbally an object presented on their left eye, as the connection to the left hemisphere was lost (Gazzaniga, 1967). Our hypothesis was that there would be a significant difference understanding speech stimulus from the left to the right ear, and our findings can confirm those differences showing a huge possibility to find the same results to the whole population p References: Embick, D., Marantz, A., Miyashita, Y., ONeil, W., Sakai, K. L. (2000). A syntactic specialization for Brocas area. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(11), 6150-6154. Etard, O., Mellet, E., Papathanassiou, D., Benali, K., Houdà ©, O., Mazoyer, B., Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2000). Picture naming without Brocas and Wernickes area. Neuroreport, 11(3), 617-622. Gallese, V., Stamenov, M. (2002, April 1). Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language. Retrieved from ebscohost: http://web.a.ebscohost.com Gazzaniga, M. S. (1967). The split brain in man. Scientific American, 217(2), 24-29. Hillis, A. E., Barker, P. B., Beauchamp, N. J., Winters, B. D., Mirski, M., Wityk, R. J. (2001). Restoring blood pressure reperfused Wernicke’s area and improved language. Neurology, 56(5), 670-672. Kimura, D. (1961). Cerebral dominance and the perception of verbal stimuli. Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie, 15(3), 166. Kimura, D. (1967). Functional asymmetry of the brain in dichotic listening. Cortex, 3(2), 163-178. Molfese, D. L., Freeman, R. B., Palermo, D. S. (1975). The ontogeny of brain lateralization for speech and nonspeech stimuli. Brain and language, 2, 356-368.

A True Code Hero :: essays research papers

Hemingway a bright and simple man. A man who writes stories with characters who control their emotions or don’t complain about what’s going on in their life, other wise know as being stoic. People who seem to come to life when they show grace under preasure, have dignity for themselves and are committed to play by the rules. Four characters of Hemingway who show and have all these traits other wise know as the code of honor are Manuel Garcia, Francis Macomber, Ole Anderson, and an Old Waiter who is unnamed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Manuel Garcia is a man who enjoys bullfighting. He tries to convince others as well as himself that he’s still an incredible bullfighter. He’s given a chance to prove himself worthy by a little man named Retana. When Garcia is given this chance he takes advantage of it and asks Zurito, an old friend and skillful bullfighter if he will â€Å"[pick] two bulls for [him] tomorrow night,† (The Undefeated). Zurito is persuaded to pick two bulls for Garcia, but Zurito explains that â€Å"if [he] [doesn’t] go big tomorrow night [he’ll] quit,† (The Undefeated). Garcia has shown that he has the courage to bullfight once more despite his age. The day Garcia has been waiting for came; the bullfight that will determine whether or not he’s as good as he says. He enters the arena confident, but not all goes as he had planned. As the bull fight begins Garcia’s sword flies from his hand and is thrown into the audience. Garcia looks around for his sword, only to have it thrown at him. Despite another misfortune, this code hero keeps his grace under pressure when cushions and the sword are thrown at him by thanking them and bowing. This also shows that he is stoic by not showing others what he truly feels in his heart, sadness of being beat. Towards the end of the story, when the doctor is tying to rehabilitate Garcia, he keeps his dignity by saying he was good out there â€Å"[he] [just] didn’t have any luck was all,† (The Undefeated).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Francis Macomber is another man who held the code of honor, though it might seem so at first. Macomber and a hunter by the name of Robert Wilson are out hunting, when they encounter a furious lion. A lion that frightens Macomber, which makes him unable to react to shoot the lion.

The Reign of Terror: Was it Justified

In 1792, French adversaries were pushing in on all borders and spies were rampant on the streets. To defend from internal enemies, prominent French leader Robespierre enacted the Reign of Terror. Anyone suspected of aiding the enemy was swiftly put on trial and executed. (doc. G) The Reign of Terror was not Justified because the threats to France externally and internally did not warrant the methods used. Those suspected of being spies or opposers of war during the French revolution were quickly tried and unjustly executed. Steven Otflnoski remarks in Triumph and Terror:The French Revolution â€Å"A careless word of criticism spoken against the government could put one in prison or worse. â€Å"(Doc E). Such executions were both morally unjust and a waste of human manpower during a time of war. Instead of causing people to follow the law, the reign of terror instigated several rebellions in France. (doc A). A letter from the National Convention in France remarks â€Å"We had reaso n to hope that these gatherings would cease as soon as the public troops arrived. Our hopes were misguided and this causes us the greatest of worries. † (doc. D).Had authorities established a sense of nationalist pride in French citizens, war would have been fought vigorously, there would be fewer rebellions, and thus, less loss of human life. In order to defeat two military powers on the front, France enacted a draft and started two wars which fueled more rebellion as people felt they were fghting for a country they didn't love. Document A details revolutions occurred after mandatory military drafts were instated. The French people had overthrown their king and gone to war for freedom, not to be ruled by a monarchy once more.Document B, a map of the war during 1972 shows France lost several decisive victories and lost cities and lives. The two wars coupled with the military draft caused citizens and soldiers alike to dislike the new republic as their comrades died to the guns and guillotines around them. The sharp blade of the guillotine was applied liberally to the necks of anyone suspected of working against France's interest. Document F shows the decapitation of Louis the XVI after extremely inconclusive evidence and faux claims painted him as an enemy spy and counter-revolutionary.Unfortunately, with the invention of the guillotine, Louis was Just one of tens of thousands killed in such a manner. Many such public execution were merely to invoke fear in the people's hearts. (doc D). Steven Otfinoski wrote in Triumph and Terror â€Å"The revolutionary Tribunal was established to try all crimes against the state. Tribunal members would not be elected by the people but rather by the national convention. † (Doc E). Not only trials brief and often merely formality, the small group of government leaders could convict anyone opposing them.Killing for power and fear didn't place pride in the oppressed French peoples' hearts a country on its knees. t o nly placed panic and despair, two detrimental qualities ot Although the reign of terror achieved the ends desired, it was not morally Justified due to the great losses of human life, the oppression of the French people, and the pointless violence that blossomed across europe as a result. It took three failed republics before France finally achieved a sustainable and loved government. In this case, Machiavelli would the ends Justify the means in the most inefficient manner.

Do Male Nurses Make More Money

Do Male Nurses Make More Money We know a wag gap exists throughout the business world, and that the fight for equal pay is super important. But does this happen in the nursing field? Surely if a male and a female nurse, with the same experience and education, are working in the same job, they must make the same money, right? Wrong. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), female RNs made a median weekly salary of $1,011 in 2008, while male RNs made $1,168. That doesn’t look like a huge difference, but remember to multiply that by 52. The gap begins to widen.Turns out, female nurses make 86.6 percent of what their male counterparts are making. Is this just because they make higher hourly wages? Yes and no. Male nurses typically have the advantage coming straight out of school. They make up 6% of the nursing workforce, but tend to be better represented in the more specialized, high paying sectors of the field.Almost half of CRNAs (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists) are men, and making signific antly more than floor nurses, the vast majority of whom are women. This is mostly because becoming a CRNA requires a master’s degree, and men are more likely than women to go further in their nursing education. Men also factor highly in military nursing positions, which are also super lucrative.Now, this isn’t all salary discrepancy. Sometimes male nurses have the advantage because they’re not responsible for the same amount of childcare as some female nurses. They tend to have more freedom to work overtime shifts and take on extra work, relying on partners to pick up more of the domestic duties.And, perhaps more than anything, they tend to be more aggressive in asking for what they want in salary negotiations and annual reviews.Take away lesson for the ladies? If you can, get that extra degree. Ask your partner to take a few extra shifts of child care so you can bring in a bit more bacon. Push yourself a little further. Fight for pay equity. And, above all else , ask for a raise. You deserve it.

Free Essays on Lost

Lost In 1817, Mary Shelley set out to write a ghost story that would â€Å"curdle the blood, and quicken the beatings of the heart.† With this goal in mind she began her quest. The finished product Frankenstein was one that frightened Shelley herself. With some persuasion from her husband the tale that began as â€Å"but a few pages† grew into an epic masterpiece. The novel discusses themes that have continued to ponder readers’ minds even today. The morals and ethics relating to the novel are universal and continue to cause controversy. The question as to whether or not the wretch’s behavior is justified is one such moral dilemma that haunts the readers of this gothic tale. Victor Frankenstein, a seeker of distinction, is synonymous with his misuse of science that creates a creature for which he provides no direction. It is almost a cautionary tale of the inevitable disasters that await when mankind attempts to play God, just as Victor tried to do. B y ignoring the natural process ! of creation around him and not taking responsibility for his actions, Victor indirectly causes the deaths of everyone he held dear to him. Instead of nurturing the creature he gave life to, he abandons it leaving the creature to face an unaccepting world on his own. â€Å"All men hate the wretched; how, then, must I be hated whom am miserable beyond all living things.† (125) The result of Frankenstein’s abandonment is the creature’s revenge against him. He murders William (Victor’s innocent brother), frames Justine causing her execution, and murders Cleval. Mary Shelley allows all characters to express their side of the story, thus effectively forcing the reader to take a position, and side with either Victor or the wretch. Given societal standards and expectations, the wretch’s behavior would certainly be considered inexcusable; however, given the circumstances it can clearly be justified. The monster’s behavior can be justifi... Free Essays on Lost Free Essays on Lost Lost In 1817, Mary Shelley set out to write a ghost story that would â€Å"curdle the blood, and quicken the beatings of the heart.† With this goal in mind she began her quest. The finished product Frankenstein was one that frightened Shelley herself. With some persuasion from her husband the tale that began as â€Å"but a few pages† grew into an epic masterpiece. The novel discusses themes that have continued to ponder readers’ minds even today. The morals and ethics relating to the novel are universal and continue to cause controversy. The question as to whether or not the wretch’s behavior is justified is one such moral dilemma that haunts the readers of this gothic tale. Victor Frankenstein, a seeker of distinction, is synonymous with his misuse of science that creates a creature for which he provides no direction. It is almost a cautionary tale of the inevitable disasters that await when mankind attempts to play God, just as Victor tried to do. B y ignoring the natural process ! of creation around him and not taking responsibility for his actions, Victor indirectly causes the deaths of everyone he held dear to him. Instead of nurturing the creature he gave life to, he abandons it leaving the creature to face an unaccepting world on his own. â€Å"All men hate the wretched; how, then, must I be hated whom am miserable beyond all living things.† (125) The result of Frankenstein’s abandonment is the creature’s revenge against him. He murders William (Victor’s innocent brother), frames Justine causing her execution, and murders Cleval. Mary Shelley allows all characters to express their side of the story, thus effectively forcing the reader to take a position, and side with either Victor or the wretch. Given societal standards and expectations, the wretch’s behavior would certainly be considered inexcusable; however, given the circumstances it can clearly be justified. The monster’s behavior can be justifi...

How can Coca Cola further increase their customer base in reference to Case Study - 2

How can Coca Cola further increase their customer base in reference to marketing strategies - Case Study Example The company has a subsidiary employee basis of 30,000 people globally. 70% of its sales volume and 80% of the company profits are from outside (Adcock 23). First, we need to commend how the company has handled its branding. Looking briefly at branding since it is the focal of customer base sentiments, it is an effort to tie together, produce and have authority and control of the relevant associations so that the business performs better. Coca-cola has enormously benefited since they have successfully managed to create a brand which presents the company as being highly distinctive, very exciting and absolutely reliable with superb adverts. Even though its impossible to have full influence over a brand due to outside influences, wise use of design, advertising, marketing, service proposition and corporate culture among others can all really help in generating associations in people’s minds that benefit the company as an organization. The audiences, competitors, delivery and service aspects of branding may differ in different industry sectors but the main principle of being transparent about what you stand for always applies (Dev & Don 12). To get started on how to increase customer base in reference to marketing strategies, market research should be undertaken. This is to know what Coca-cola offers –both tangible and intangible elements. Finding out the main upcoming competitors by looking in places such as retail outlet shelves especially major supermarkets is also important. There is also need to know your customers; this is by doing a profile of your typical customers. Another great move which coca-cola is fully incorporating is increasing market share and reinforcing the existing customer base. In challenging economic conditions, Coca-cola has managed to prove that tough times can indeed be good times for

English A1 HL IB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English A1 HL IB - Essay Example This contrast is a direct placement of Iago as the villain of the story since biblical tradition accepts the representation of Satan as something he is not. The audience of the time would have clearly understood the idea that by presenting himself as something different Iago has plans in place to act as the villain of the story and will bring harm to other characters. Another contrast which is made evident in the first scene is the contrast between Iago and Cassio. Iago compares himself with the present lieutenant and shows that he is more battle ready while Cassio is nothing more than a womanizing mathematician who can not be expected to hold his own in any battle. Additionally, Iago says that he has proven himself to the chiefs of the city several times over while Cassio has done nothing which is worthy of praise. A particularly strange comparison is made by Iago concerning the features of Desdemona and Othello when he calls them a white ewe and an old black ram respectively. This comparison works on several levels since Iago is accusing both the lovers of bestiality, he is comparing Othello’s old age with Desdemona’s young age and finally, he is comparing their colors to show the difference races these individuals belong to. All three are negative comparisons and serve to only heighten the indignation Brabantio feels at the disappearance of his daughter. In scene 2, there is an interesting comparison between Othello and Iago. When Brabantio and his men are approaching Iago and Othello, Iago asks Othello to go into the shadow yet he refuses. This shows the character of Othello that he believes he has done nothing wrong in marrying the person he loves. On the other hand, the character of Iago prefers to remain in the shadows and casts doubts as well as creates schemes while being in the shadows. When Brabantio confronts Othello, he makes several comparisons between Othello and Desdemona

Sweatshops & Anti Sweatshop Movement Assignment

Sweatshops & Anti Sweatshop Movement - Assignment Example This essay discusses that sweatshop workers often labor long hours for very low pay, despite of laws mandating overtime pay or a lowest amount wage. Child labor laws may be debased, or sweatshops may have dangerous materials and situations. Employees may be issued to employer mistreatment without an easy way, if any way, to protect themselves. The anti-sweatshop movement in the U.S. and other developed economies has, in recent years, effort to use consumer boycotts to eliminate sweatshop working conditions and child labor in less developed economies. Unions and college student associations have been leading the drive for sweatshop boycotts. The anti-sweatshop movement acknowledged a great deal of well-liked attention when it was found that Kathie Lee Gifford's garments company had engaged Honduran sweatshop workers to manufacture her line of clothing for Walmart. Roughly 10% of the workers engaged in this task were amid the ages of 13 and 15. A 75-hour workweek was the standard in th ese factories. When this became revealed, Kathie Lee Gifford condemned these sweatshops and affirmed that she was uninformed of the working conditions in these factories. In reaction to the anti-sweatshop movement, several organizations have been formed or have extended their roles to observe working conditions in less urbanized countries. Among the major organizations helping this function are the Workers Rights Consortium (WRC), the Fair Labor Association (FLA), Verità ©, and Social Accountability International (SAI).... Critics of sweatshops dispute that the minor gains made by employee of some of these organizations are overshadowed by the negative costs such as poor wages to augment profit margins and that the institutions pay less than the severyday expenses of their workers (Archon Fung, Dara O'Rourke, Charles F. Sabel, 2008 ). Often times, economists are inquired about sweatshops. Individuals often believe that sweatshops are ethically wrong and thus question why they exist. However, they are not ethically wrong. In fact, sweatshops are in reality one of the first optimistic signs of growth for those in developing countries (Raymond C. Miller, 2008). It is difficult to describe a low wage. Americans often gasp at the earnings for which those in developing countries are eager to work. A low wage by American standards does not essentially consider it a low wage. One must evaluate the wage by the standards in the nation in which it is being compensated In the United States; $5 per hour would be de emed an objectionable wage because it is below our minimum wage. Likewise, the citizens of the United States enjoy a privileged standard of living. Those who are measured poor still drive cars and own televisions. However, in other nations this is not the case. In developing countries, the main apprehension is often food and shelter. When the standards of living are so little, the money can go a lot further. Supporting Reasons Sweatshops are also main signs of escalation in developing nations. As more and more of these shops unlock, more and more individuals can locate work. The rivalry for labor will persist to push wages higher. This boost in employment and

The Reading Process Essay Example for Free

The Reading Process Essay When a child is speaking many words and using them as an integral part of his personality, he is ready to read them. In teaching reading to young children, word selection is often the first place where we go wrong. We pull words from thin air and try to put them into the child. Often we make matters worse by putting these strange words into printed context outside the realm of the childs experience and expecting him to readand he cannot. Children can learn to read any word they speak. One of the greatest hoaxes in all of educational pedagogy is that which says that reading vocabulary must be developed in a predeter ¬mined logical sequence. This simply is not the case. Linguists tell us that when a child comes to school he has all the language gear he needs in order to learn reading and all the other skills of lan ¬guage. The trouble is that we do not use his gear. We manufacture artificial systems of language development and methods of teaching reading, and we impose them on children. It is almost as though the child has to learn two languages in order to be able to read-one for communication and one to get through his reading books. More study has been done in the area of reading than in any other area of the elementary school curriculum. This is justifiable because reading is an important skill needed for learning. But it is not the most important method of communication. It is important only to the degree that it communicates. Much confusion exists about this research. It is the sec ¬ond place where we go wrong. We have built up a vast store ¬house of knowledge about reading, but all the needed knowledge is not yet known. And, because there are great gaps in that knowledge, we have turned to the next best source-the opinion of the experts in the reading field. Many experts have advocated their systems of teaching reading, basing them on known truths but filling in the gaps with their own ideas. When gaps in knowledge are filled in with opinions, we often confuse the two. As a result, schools have often adopted a reading system so wholeheartedly that teachers are not permitted to skip one page of a basal reading book or omit one single exercise in the reading manual that accompanies the text. Many teachers have simply become intermediaries, transmitting the ideas of the authors of a basal series to the children and not daring to use their own ideas to teach reading as a communication skill. This course of action takes all the sense out of language skill development and reduces the role of the teacher to that of a pawn. Undoubtedly, no imagination can break through such rigid orthodoxy. Teachers are teaching experts. Their training has made them this. Reading experts can help with a multitude of ideas, but they cannot possibly know the problems of any one teacher with any one group of children. Basal readers and teachers manuals work only if they are tailored to the group of children using them; they can be invaluable when used this way but are almost useless when they are not. Teachers should endeavor to do activities, which relate to the experiential background of the children they are teaching. In fact, doing activities that are foreign to the child’s background is like teaching another language in order to get them to read. Every reading programme needs to take first into account the particular group of children and each child within that group. If this is not the case then the approach is pseudoscientific. Only a teacher can know and understand the needs of the children he or she teaches. If any significant progress is to be made in any reading programme, then the teacher indeed must know his or her children. Reading is most effectively taught when the teacher becomes the source of the plan of the teaching and when he or she is able to make use of the experts books, resources, learning aids, procedures, and ideas to help her devise her own plan for her own particular group of children. Since teaching is a creative role, the teaching of reading must be a creative process. Linguistic research over the past forty years has given us greater insights as to how reading should be taught. Reading is the active process of constructing meaning from words that have been coded in print. Printed and spoken words are meaningful to the young child only to the extent where his field of experience overlaps that of the author of the printed text. The reader learns from a book only if he is able to comprehend the printed symbols and rearrange them into vivid experiences in his mind. A child’s ability to think, to rationalize, and to conceptualize makes it possible for him or her to accept new ideas from a printed page without actually experienc ¬ing the new idea. He or she must however, possess the knowledge of each symbol that helps make up the new idea. Ideally, the teacher would show a picture of an object and, through discus ¬sion, build the understandings necessary to give children a correct visual image of the object. Because of the unusual shape of some words (e. g. kangaroo) chil ¬dren memorized them quickly, but nothing is usually learned until the words take on meaning. The teacher should give the words meaning by using the childrens experiences. Experience combined with the power of imagery will make it possible for children to acquire new understandings, concepts, and learn ¬ings from their reading of each new word. Reading is not word calling; it is getting the meaning of the printed word from the page. The teaching of reading means assisting children to obtain those skills needed to get the meaning of the word from the printed page. However, the gaining of all the skills is of little or no worth without the experience with the words to make them meaningful. This is a basic component to all reading. It should now be clear why young children, before they can really learn to read, must have a wide range of expe ¬riences to which they have attached a multitude of oral symbols. It should be clearly understood too, why the primary program in reading must be loaded with experiences to which children and teachers apply symbolic expression. This will permit the children to be constantly building up new words in their oral vocabulary so that they will be able to read them. The children’s ability to read is a skill or tool that makes it possible for an author to communicate with them. Children read because they are curious about what is on the page. The reading process itself is not sacred. It is what the reading communicates to the child that is crucial. Reading is not the only important means of communication nor is it the best. To assure the successful development of a good primary literacy program, children must have a large background of experiences, the ability to listen well, and a good oral vocabulary that labels their experiences meaningfully. With this background, almost every child can be taught to read, provided, of course, he also has the required intelligence and has no serious physical, so ¬cial, or emotional problem. Teaching reading as a subject rather than a means for communication can be boring and tedious for children. No one reads reading. The child reads something, be they letters, books, poems, stories, newspapers — and he reads with intent. Each reading experience with chil ¬dren should have meaningful content, obvious purpose, and pleas ¬ant associations. The wide socioeconomic and experiential backgrounds of children, combined with their physical development and intellectual ability, will determine the points at which children are able to begin the formal reading process effectively. The teacher is responsible for the continued development of the child as a whole, and to deprive him of a rich variety of experiences so that he may spend time reading from books is the quickest way to insure reading difficulty among children, in both ability and attitude. When a first-grade teacher sees the teaching of reading as her most important objective and allocates a major part of the childs day to reading, she is capitalizing on the exceptional experiences the home and the kindergarten have provided for the child. For, after all, these give meaning to his reading stories, which, at the first grade level, are based on his first-hand home and school ex ¬periences. She may flatter herself on the excellent reading ability of her children and be smug in her knowledge that she can teach any child to read! What she fails to realize is that unless she continues to provide suitable additional experiences in social studies, community contacts, literature, music, and so forth, she is depriving succeeding teachers of their privilege of doing a good job in teaching reading. This explains why, too often, children start out as good readers but experience reading difficulty by the time they reach third grade. They lose meaning in their reading because planned background experience stops when formal read ¬ing begins. Their real first interest in reading lies in their joy at dis ¬covering they can read. To exploit this joy, and to use it for need ¬less repetition, means to soon destroy the only motivation children have.